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The Network Advertising Initiative is an industry trade group formed in 1999 that develops self-regulatory standards for online advertising. Advertising networks created the organization in response to concerns from the Federal Trade Commission and consumer groups that online advertising — particularly targeted or behavioral advertising — harmed user privacy. The NAI seeks to provide self-regulatory guidelines for participating networks and opt-out technologies for consumers in order to maintain the value of online advertising while protecting consumer privacy. Membership in the NAI has fluctuated greatly over time and both the organization and its self-regulatory system have been criticized for being ineffective in promoting privacy. == History == The NAI was formally announced at the Public Workshop on Online Profiling () held by the FTC and the Department of Commerce on November 8, 1999.〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=1999-11-08 )〕 At that time, membership consisted of 24/7 Media, AdForce, AdKnowledge, Adsmart, DoubleClick, Engage, Flycast, MatchLogic, NetGravity (a division of DoubleClick) and Real Media. In July 2000, the NAI published a set of Principles, negotiated with the FTC and endorsed by the FTC in their report to Congress on online profiling.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Online Profiling: A Report to Congress, Part 2 Recommendations )〕 In May 2001, the NAI released an accompanying web site () allowing users to more quickly download opt-out cookies for all participating ad networks. In 2002, the NAI released guidelines for use of Web beacons — small images or pieces of code used to track visiting and traffic patterns and install cookies on visitors' machines. These guidelines use a similar model of ''notice'' and ''choice'' as the NAI Principles; opt-in consent is only required when sensitive information is associated with personally-identifiable information and transferred to a third-party.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Web Beacons – Guidelines for Notice and Choice )〕 In 2003, the NAI formed the Email Service Provider Coalition (since renamed the Email Sender and Provider Coalition).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NAI Email Service Provider Coalition Formed )〕 The ESPC engages in lobbying, press relations and technical standards development to support "email deliverability" — ensuring that mass email delivery continues despite anti-spam legislation and technologies. Today the two organizations exist entirely independent from each other. In response to a 2007 FTC staff report (''Self-Regulatory Principles for Online Behavioral Advertising''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Self-Regulatory Principles for Online Behavioral Advertising'' )〕), the NAI published an updated set of Principles in December 2008〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Network Advertising Initiative Announces 2008 NAI Self-Regulatory Code of Conduct for Online Behavioral Advertising )〕 after providing a draft in April for public comments.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Re: Network Advertising Initiative Written Comments in Response to the Federal Trade Commission Staff's Proposed Behavioral Advertising Principles )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Network Advertising Initiative Proposes Updated Principles )〕 The new principles incorporated new restrictions on the collection, use of sensitive data and data related to children. In 2009 the NAI launched a consumer education page, which provided a centralized location for a variety of informational articles, videos, and other creative content designed to educate users about online behavioral advertising. In 2010 the NAI joined the Digital Advertising Alliance, a non-profit organization of leading companies and trade associations including the Association of National Advertisers (ANA), the American Association of Advertising Agencies(4A’s), The Direct Marketing Association (DMA), the Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB), the American Advertising Federation (AAF) and the NAI. These associations and their members are dedicated to developing effective self-regulatory solutions to consumer choice for web viewing data. In 2012 the NAI issued its third compliance report, which demonstrated that overall, the NAI member companies continue to meet the obligations of the NAI code. Ad network membership in the NAI fluctuated between 12 members in 2000, two members in 2002-2003 and five members in 2007, prompting criticism that it did not consistently represent or regulate the industry.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Network Advertising Initiative: Failing at Consumer Protection and at Self-Regulation )〕 As of March 2010, the NAI lists 42 members, including Google, Microsoft and Yahoo!.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2010-03-11 )〕 In 2013 the NAI released its fourth annual compliance report.〔(http://www.networkadvertising.org/2012_NAI_Compliance ) _ (Report.pdf )〕 The report described the NAI’s planned initiatives for 2013, which include the development of a revised NAI Code of Conduct〔http://www.networkadvertising.org/2013_Principles.pdf〕 governing the collection and use of data on mobile devices. Additionally, in 2013, the NAI released its first Mobile Application Code,〔(http://www.networkadvertising.org/mobile/NAI_Mobile_A ) p (plication_Code.pdf )〕 which expanded the organization’s self-regulatory program to cover data collected across mobile applications.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Network Advertising Initiative」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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